Systematic reviews (SRs) are the embodiment of the evidence-based approaches, and they have reformed clinical decision-making in almost all therapy areas. The approach of SRs was essentially developed to fulfil the need of the medical practitioners to obtain precise and consistent information about the efficacy and safety of a clinical intervention, diagnostic procedure, or a […]
Clinical practice should ideally rely on robust scientific evidence, the standard for which are systematic reviews and meta-analyses of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs). (1,2) Therapeutic decisions in healthcare must be informed by clinical research findings, and patients and prescribers must be able to trust the presented research evidence. However, this evidence can be considered […]
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is gaining wide acceptance from researchers globally as it thoroughly optimizes the latest available evidence to make informed care decisions. This involves evaluating the quality of the clinical data by critically assessing methodologies reported in publications. Moreover, EBM incorporates both clinical expertise as well as patient values. Meta-analyses of RCTs often make […]
Today’s era of risk based, precision and personalized medicine demands clinical prediction models. Prediction modelling studies focus on two kinds of outcomes, viz. diagnosis (probability of a condition that is undetected) and prognosis (probability of developing a certain outcome in the future). (1,2) These studies develop, validate, or update a multivariable prediction model, wherein multiple […]
Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a type of meta-analysis that adds an additional variable to a meta-analysis, and instead of a simple summation of trials that have evaluated the same treatment, several different treatments are compared by statistical inference.1 NMA is also referred to as mixed treatments comparison or multiple treatments comparison meta-analysis.2,3,4 It was recognised […]
Every country exercises strict control on medicines’ market access. Typically, this requires successful completion and adequate presentation of results from phase I through phase III clinical trials, bringing forward the findings of medicine’s safety and efficacy. The USFDA approves approximately 40 new medicines for the US market each year through this process. (1) In India, […]
Scoping reviews are exploratory projects that systematically map the literature on a topic, identifying key concepts, theories and sources of evidence. Scoping reviews are often conducted before full syntheses, and undertaken when feasibility of the research is considered to be a challenge, either because the relevant literature is thought to be vast and diverse (varying […]
Health systems have developed at different speeds, and with differing degrees of complexity throughout the twentieth century, reflecting the diverse political and social conditions in each country. Notwithstanding their diversity, all systems, however, share a common reason for their existence, namely the improvement of health for their entire populations. To attain this goal a health […]
